Kwakwar tsaunin Boliviya (Parajubaea torallyi)
Parajubaea torallyi kyakkyawar kwakwa ce daga Kudancin Amurka. To amma, ba safai manoma ke noma ta a wajen wurinta na ainihi ba, Boliviya, sabo da girman tsabarta (wannan yana nufin tsadar sufuri)
‘Yar ainihin Boliviya, tana fitowa a wuri busasshe, kuma mai qura, a zazar inter-Andea a wuri mai mita 2700–3400 a sama da kogi. Sabo da haka, kwakwar ita ce irin kwakwa mai fita a wannan yanayi a duk duniya. Yanayin zafi da wahala ya kai sama da 20 °C kuma ravar dare kan zuba babu qaqqautawa. Wasu lokuta yanayin sanyin wurin kanyi qasa da –7 °C a lokacin watannin hunturu (Yuli da Agusta) kuma ruwan sama milimita 550 ne kawai.
Juriyarta ga fari, zafi, sanyi, rava da sauran yanayi masu wahala, da qoqarinta wajen fitowa, ya sa wasu ke cewa wannan kwakwa mai ban mamaki ba wai kawai za ta iya zama abar ado ba, amma za ta iya zama xaya daga cikin kwakwar da tafi dacewa a qasashe masu zafi da masu matsakaicin zafi. A wuraren da rava kan sauka tana buqatar kariya daga hunturu ko a ajiye ta a wuri marar rava. An bayar da rahoto cewa a Turai hunturu yakan kai –3°C. Mafi qarancin sanyi da wannan kwakwar da ake nomawa za ta rayu a cikinsa shi ne –8 ° C. Waxannan shuke-shuke kan kaxar da ganyensu, to amma su rayu kuma a lokacin marka, sabon ganye ya sake fitowa!
A Boliviya, wannan kwakwa kan girma har zuwa tsawon mita 14 da kuma gangar jiki mai kaurin murabba’in santimita 25–35. Kwakwar da ta kai shekara 100 ko sama da haka kan kai tsawon sama da mita 30 da gangar jiki mai murabba’in sanimita 50. Kyakkyawan cunkoson ganyayyaki kan qunshi ganye 20 wasu daga cikinsu na kaiwa tsawon mita 5! Shuke-shuken da ake shukawa a wajen Boliviya qanana ne.
Akwai nau’i guda biyu na wannan kwakwa waxanda suka banbanta a wajen girman ‘ya’yansu kuma a ‘yan kwanakin nan ana ganin su a matsayin mabanbanta, mai qananan ‘ya’ya P. torallyi var. microcarpa da mai manyan ‘ya’ya P. torallyi var. torallyi. Yayin da ba su da banbanci a ido, var. microcarpa ba ta kai girman ‘yar uwarta ba, to amma a wajen juriya da karfi, babu wani banbanci. Tsabarta ba ta da tabbas wajen fitowa. Koda yake akan sami kuskure wajen fitowa, tsabar kan fito idan an shuka ta a yanayi mai kyau wato a saman gadon shuka, a binne wani vangare na tsabar, kuma a jiqa shi kaxan. Da kula sosai, a wuri mai sauqin sanyi ko mai matsakaicin zafi, da wuri mai rana, qaramar shuka kan girma nan-da-nan, gangarta ta yi qarfi da kuma manyan tarin ganye masu kama da gashi. Juriyarta ga fari, zafi, hunturu, rava da saurin yanayi masu wahala, da kuma juriyarta wajen fitowa, ya sanya wasu ke cewa wannan kwakwa mai ban mamaki ba wai kawai shukar ado ba ce, to amma ta zamanto xaya daga cikin kwakwa mafiya sha’awa a wuraren da suke da zafi da masu matsakaicin zafi.
Parajubaea torallyi sananniyar bishiyar ado ce kuma akan shuka ta a wuraren shaqatawa da kuma gefen tituna. A Ikwado da Kudancin Kwalambiya, Parajubaea torallyi ana shuka ta a wurin da ya kai gangaren mita 2500 zuwa 3000 – wannan kwakwa ce marar hanzarin fitowa mai raunin jure rava. Sabo da ta yi kama da Parajubaea torallyi kuma tunda ba’a san asalinta ba, an yadda da cewa tushenta daga Parajubaea torallyi ne.
Qarama daga irin wannan kwakwa ita ce Parajubaea sunkha wadda aka kwatanta a 1996. Tana kaiwa tsawon mita 8 kuma ana samunta a zazar Andea a shashin Vallegrande, a gungumar Santa Cruz a Boliviya a inda tudun qasa yakan kai mita 1700–2200. Cikin kuskure akan xauketa a matsayin Parajubaea torallyi har sai da aka guganar da binciki na baya-bayan nan sai aka sake mata suna zuwa Parajubaea sunkha.
Kwakwar genus Parajubaea na da sauqin nomawa. Hanya mafi kyau ta noma ta shi ne ta amfani da tsaba. To amma, sai ka yi haquri sabo da tsabar na tsirowa a hankali kuma ta fi fita a daji, kuma ta kan xauki kusan shekara xaya da rabi kafin yin hakan. Wata tsabar kan iya fita a cikin wata xaya, to amma wasu kan xauki shekara xaya ko biyu kafin su fara tsirowa. Tunda irin kwakwa ce ta wuri mai matsakaicin zafi, yana da kyau a ajiye ta a wuri mai sanyi-sanyi, kamar dai a wuri mai zafi (ba kamar sauran ire-iren kwakwa ba) wanda zai iya shafar tsirowa. Yanayin zafi na yin nuni ga lokutan da babu ruwa, wanda bai dace da tsirowa ba.
Kafin shuka, sai an jiqa tsabar a ruwa mai ximin kimanin 20 °C har zuwa kimanin kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Tsaba ta babban iri sai an barta zuwa kimanin mako biyu. A dinga canja ruwa a kullum. Za’a iya kankare tsaba sabo da a sami tsirowa mai kyau.
Jiqa tsaba a ruwa ya maye gurbin lokacin da za ta xauka ba tare da ta fitowa ba kuma yana taron lokacin damina, yanayin da yafi dacewa domin tsiro. Lokacin jira na kare tsaba daga tsiro a bazara a Boliviya (hunturu a Yuni zuwa Okotoba).
Bayan jiqo, sai a shuka tsabar a cikin tukunya ko kuma a jakar leda – ka kula ana binne rabin tsabar ne kawai kuma a ajiye shi a wuri mai zafin 10 zuwa 20 °C.
Abin da yake kawo tsirowa mai kyau shi ne banbanci tsakanin rana (zafi mai yawa) da dare (zafi marar yawa). Da zaran an shuka tsaba, kada a bata ruwa mai yawa domin ruwa mai yawa na iya kashe jaririyar shukarka. Mahimmin banbanci tsakanin noman Parajubaea da sauran ire-iren kwakwa shi ne banbancin sanyin da ake buqata da kuma qaranta ruwa.
Bayan shuka, a dinga duba tsabar bayan duk mako uku ko huxu kuma duk tsabar da ta fito sai a ajiye ta a tukunya daban. Wasu masu noman kwakwa kan bayar da wannan shawara dangane da tsabar da bata fito ba cikin wata shida:
Ka daina ban ruwa ga tsabar da ba ta fito ba ka bari qasar ta bushe har zuwa wasu watanni. Ciro tsabar daga cikin qasa, ka sake mayar da su cikin ruwa har zuwa mako xaya sannan ka sake shuka su.
Wannan tsaba kan tsiro a cikin rabin shekara. Idan har ila yau bata tsiro ba, ka sake maimaita haka sannan sauran tsabar na iya tsirowa bayan damina mai zuwa.
Qarfin fitowar tsabar Parajubaea ya kai kusan 100%, kana buqatar yin haquri kaxan, kuma ka bar tsabar da bata fito ba zuwa lokacin bazara!
Da zaran kana da jaririyar kwakwa, abin na da wuya, yi hattara kada ka bata ruwa sosai. Jiririyar kwakwa na buqatar matsakaicin yanayi (a cikin daji su kan fito a qarqashin babbar kwakwa), to amma babbar kwakwa na buqatar wurin da hasken rana ya ke.
Genus Parajubaea na xaya daga cikin kwakwar da ke fuskantar barazana a Kudancin Amurka. Babban dalili shi ne na lalata mahalli, warwatsuwar qasar noma, saran katako da kuma kiwon dabbobi. Wannan kwakwa na fita a wurare qalilan, wanda kan iya zama da wahala wajen magani, kuma akwai barazanar vacewa. Sabo da girman tsabar wannan shuka, yaxa su kan zama da wahala. Dabbar da ke taimakawa wajen yaxa wannan irin kwakwa a sababbin wurare it ace Spectacular beer (Tremarctos ornatus), to amma ita ma wannan dabba na fuskantar barazana daga ayyukan xan adam.
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