Imikindo Parajubaea torallyi

Parajubaea torallyi imbuto

Parajubaea torallyi ni imikindo myiza cyane kandi ibasha guhangana no kwihanganira ibihe bibi cyane. Icyakora, ihingwa gake cyanye hanze y’ubuturo bwayo kimeza na abanyabusitani bitewe nimbuto zayo nini cyane (bivugako ubwikorezi bwacyo bwo mu bwato buhenze), ubuturo bwayo kimeza ni Boliviya.

Ni kimeza muri Boliviya, gikura muduce twumagaye kandi dufite ivumbi ryinshi, hagati y’ibibabaya by’ Ubuhinde k’ubutumburuke bwa metero 2700 na 3400 uvuye kubutumburuke bw’inyanja. Niyompamvu, iyi mikindo, aricyo kimera cyambere kwisi gishobora gukurira ku ubutumburuke burebure cyane aho ariho hose ku Isi. Ni gakeya cyane Ubushyuhe bujya hejuru ya 20 °C kandi akenshi usanga kuri ubu butumburuke nijoro haba hari ibihu byinshi cyane. Ubushyuhe usanga bugera hasi ya 7 ni ukuvuga –7 °C mugihe cy’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga na Kanama (Igihe cy’impeshyi) kandi igipimo cy’imvura mugihe cy’umwaka kingana gusa na metero 550 ni ukuvuga 550 m.

Iyi mikindo yihanganira amapfa, ubushyuhe, ubukonje, ibihu ndetse n’ibindi bihe bibi cyane, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana imiterere yayo ntacyo ihundutse ho. Niyo mpamvu itera bamwe kuvugako iyi mikindo yintagereranywa atakagombye gufatwa nk’imitako gusa ahubwo yakagombye kuba imikindo ikenewe cyane muturere tubamo ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi ku uburyo burenze urugero ndetse no muturere tubamo ibihu byinshi, iyi mikindo ifasha gukuramo ibihu mukirere biryo ikirere kigahora gikeye. Bivugwa ko, ku umugabane w’uburayi ikirere kiba gitwikiriwe n’ibihu byinshi kugipimo cy’ubushyuhe bungana na gatatu kandi iyi mikindo yo ibasha gukurira ahantu ha igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kingana no munsi y’umunani, icyakora gihungura amababi ariko kikabasha kongera kuyazana mugihe ibihe byongeye kuba byiza.

Muri Boliviya, iyi mikindo irakura ikagera kuri metero 14 z’uburebure, … ifite akarambararo ka santi metero 50. Iyo ari umukindo wakuze neza, ubushorishori bwawo buba bufite amababi makumyabiri kandi buri babi rikabasha gukura kugera kuri metero eshenu! Ariko imikindo ikurira hanze ya Boliviya iba ari mito.

Hari ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bw’iyi mikindo, butandukanira ku ingano y’imbuto gusa , ariko bwamaze gutangwazwa nk’ubwoko bubiri butandukanye rwose; hari ubwoko bw’imbuto ntoya P. torallyi var. microcarpa, n’ubwoko bw’imbuto nini P. torallyi var. torallyi. Ariko mubyukuri, ntatandukaniro rigaragara riri mumiterere yabwo, gusa var. microcarpa ntabwo igira imbuto nini ariko kubijyanye no kwihanganira ibihe bibi, ubunini bw’igiti ubwabyo ntatandukaniro rihari ugereranyije na uriya mukindo w’umbuto nini. Imbuto zayo zizwiho kuba zitamera nkuko biba byitezwe. Icyakora, kumera kw’imbuto ntabwo bifite igihe ntaregwa cyangwa se rusange gihoraho kizizwi bihinduka bitewe n’urubuto, imbuto zimera neza mugihe zinajwe mugihe kiza, urugero: mubutaka bwiza kandi urubuto rugatabwa kugera muri kimwe cya kabiri kandi rukuhirwa bitarengeje urugero. Iyo urubuto rwatewe rwitaweho neza, muturere tubamo ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe bwishi ariko rugatebwa mugihe ubu bushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje bidakabije kandi rugatebwa ahantu rubasha kubona imirasire y’izuba, umumero uboneka vuba kandi ugakura vubavuba ugahinduka agakindo gato gashobora kwihanganira no guhangana nibihe bibi by’ubukonje bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije n’ibindi. Iyi mikindo yihanganira amapfa, ubushyuhe, ubukonje, ibihu ndetse n’ibindi bihe bibi cyane, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana imiterere yayo ntacyo ihundutse ho. Niyo mpamvu iyi mikindo yintagereranywa atakagombye gufatwa nka imitako gusa ahubwo yakagombye kuba imikindo ikenewe cyane muturere tubamo ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi kuburyo burenze urugero.

Parajubaea torallyi ni ikimera cy’umutako kizwi cyane ku isi kandi gikunzwe guhingwa mu ubusitani rusange no ku inkengero z’imihanda iruhande rw’inkengero z’inzira z’ abanyamaguru. Muri Ekwateri no muri Kolombiya y’amajyepfo, Parajubaea torallyi ikunze guterwa ku ubutumburuke bwa metero 2500 na 3000– iyi ni imikindo ikura buhoro kandi yihanganira ibihu kuburyo buhagije.

Umukindo muto kurusha indi yose ni ubwoko bwa Parajubaea sunkha bwasobanuwe mu mwaka w’1996. Bukura kugera kuri metero umunani gusa z’ubujyajuru kandi bukaboneka mukibaya cya Andeyana mugice cya Valegarande mukarere ka Santa Kuruzi muri Boliviya aho ubutumburuke bungana na metero 1700 na 2200. Ubusanzwe kitiranywaga na Parajubaea torallyi kugeza ubwo ubushakashatsi bujyanye no kwita ibimera amazina bukozwe hanyuma kitwa Parajubaea sunkha aho kwitwa Parajubaea torallyi.

Imikindo yo mu umuryaango wa Parajubaea ihingwa ku uburyo bworoshye. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyihinga ni ugutera imbuto. Icyakora bisaba kwihangana mugihe cy’imera ry’imbuto, kuko akenshi zimera gahoro kuko usanga zifata hagati y’umwaka umwe ndetse rimwe narimwe imyaka ibiri. Imbuto zimwe na zimwe zitangira kumera mugihe cy’ukwezi ariko izindi zifata umwaka ndetse n’imyaka ibiri kugirango zitangire kumera. Kuberako ari imikindo iboneka mukarere ko munsi y’umurongo ugabanyamo isi kabiri, ni byiza kuzitera ahantu hari ubukonje bwishi kandi hafite ubutumburuke burebure (cyeretse buramutse ari ubundi bwoko nibwo ibi bishobora kutitabwaho) kugirango imbuto zimere neza naho ubundi ntizamera kuburyo bukwiriye. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwerekana akenshi ibihe by’amapfa, kandi amapfa ntabwo atuma imbuto zimera.

Mbere yo kwinaza, imbuto zigomba gushyirwa mu mazi kubushyuhe bwa 20 °C mugihe kiri hagati y’iminsi itanu n’irindwi. Imbuto nini ariko zo zigomba gushyirwa mumazi mugihe kingana n’ibyumweru bibiri. Amazi agomba kugenda ahindurwa buri munsi. Imbuto zigomba gusharurwa cyangwa gukomeretswa bitari cyane kugirango zimere vuba vuba.

Gushyira imbuto mumazi bigomba gufatwa nka igihe urubuto ruba rusinziriye ariko rutegura kubyuka ngo rutangire kumera, ikigihe kigomba kubanziriza igwa ry’imvura. Ukugusinzira kw’imbuto kurinda imbuto kumera mugihe cy’impeshyi muri Boliviya (ni ukuvuga kamena n’ Ukwakira) .

Nyuma yo gushyira imbuto mumazi, imbuto zigomba kwinazwa mutubindi cyangwa ibikopo bya palasitiki- kandi uwinaza agoma kwitonda akareba neza ko kimwe cya kabiri gitabye mubutaka kandi kiri hagati y’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kiri hagati ya 10 na 20 °C.

Kumanywa urubuto rumera vuba kubera ubushyuhe buba buri heju ugereranyije na nijoro aho ibipimo by’ubushyuhe bimanuka. Iyo imbuto zimaze kwinazwa, ntabwo zigomba kuhirwa cyane kuberako amazi ashobora kwangiza umumero. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ ihingwa rya Parajubaea n’ubundi bwoko bw’imikindo ni ibipimo by’ ubukonje n’ ingano yamazi bisabwa, kuko kuri Parajubaea ibipimo by’ubushyuhe bigomba kuba biri hasi kandi n’amazi atari menshi.

Nyuma yo kwinaza , imbuto zigomba kugenzurwa buri byumweru bitatu hanyuma urubuto rutangiye gupfundura umumero rugashyirwa mugikopo cyangwa akabindi byarwo byihariye. Abahinzi bamwe b’imikindo batanga inama zikurikira mugihe imbuto zitabashije gupfundura umumero mugihe kingana n’ibyumweru bitandatu: Hagarika kuhira kandi ureke ubutaka bwume mugihe cy’ibyumweru bike kandi ukure urubuto mugikopo cyangwa mukabindi urusubize mumazi mugihe cyingana nibura n’icyumweru hanyuma wongere urwinaze.

Uru rubuto rwakagombye kumera mugihe kingana n’igice cy’umwaka ariko mugihe byanze ongera ubigenze nko hejuru byanze bikunze izi mbuto zizamera mugihe cy’imvura kizakurikiraho.

Ubusanzwe amahirwe yo kumera kwa Parajubaea ni ijana ku ijana icyangombwa ni ukwihangana kandi ugakurikiza inama wagiriwe haruguru.

Iyo umaze kubona urugemwe rw’ umukindo, akenshi ruba rukomeye, ariko wibukeko ugomba kwirinda kurwuhira cyane. Urugemwe rukunda ahantu hari murugero (ubusanzwe mubuturo bwazo karemano, ingemwe zikurira mugicucu cy’ imikindo ikuze), ariko imikindo ikuze isaba ahantu hari imirasire y’uzuba ihagije.

Imikindo yo mumuryango wa Parajubaea ni imwe mubwoko bw’ imikindo ikomoka muri Amerika y’amajyepfo bugenda buzimira ku Isi cyane . impamvu nyamukuru yiri zimira ni ukwangizwa kubuturo bwayo kamere biturutse kubikorwa by’ubuhinzi bigenda bikwirakwira muri iki gice, ukurisha kw’amatungo ndetse no gushakisha ibikoresho byo mu inganda bikomoka kubiti. Iyi mikindo iba ahantu hato cyane, ariyo mpamvu ubu yitambwaho kugirango itazavaho izimira burundu ku Isi. Bitewe kandi nuko imbuto zabyo ari nini cyane, ikwirakwira ry’iyi mikindo ni rito cyane. Inyamanswa zifasha ikwirakwiza ryimbuto z’imikindo ni inyamanswa ziboneka muduce dukonja two k’umugabane w’Uburayi, Aziya n’ Amerika zo mubwoko bwa Tremarctos ornatus , ariko nanone izi nyamanswa ntizorohewe n’ibikorwa by’abantu.

««« Inkuru ibanza: Amahwa ya kasi (Pinusi kesiya) Inkuru ikurikira: Imyembe yo muri Indoneziya »»»

Ku wa gatandatu 23.1.2010 10:06 | Kubisohora ku urupapuro | Imikindo